Recent progress, remaining questions, and future challenges in drugs that activate the GLP-1 receptor

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are effective in managing glucose metabolism-related diseases.

• GLP-1RAs regulate glucose metabolism and are associated with management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and obesity.
• Liraglutide, exenatide, and semaglutide are notable examples of GLP-1RA drugs.
• Semaglutide is available in both oral and subcutaneous forms.
• Common side effects and safety profiles of both long-acting and short-acting GLP-1RAs are discussed.
• The review highlights recent advances and ongoing challenges in GLP-1 receptor agonist drug discovery.

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