Role of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonists in Cardiovascular Risk Management in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review

Oct 20, 2023Cureus

GLP-1 Medicines and Their Role in Managing Heart Risk in People with Type 2 Diabetes

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Abstract

GLP-1 receptor agonists may reduce the risk of cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke by 12-14% compared to placebo.

People with type 2 diabetes are at increased risk of cardiovascular issues.
GLP-1 receptor agonists are associated with a decrease in major adverse cardiovascular events.
The effectiveness of GLP-1 agonists in preventing heart failure and arrhythmias remains uncertain.
Current studies on GLP-1/GIP dual agonists indicate they do not increase cardiovascular disease risk compared to placebo.
Further research is needed to clarify the cardiovascular benefits of GLP-1/GIP dual agonists.

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People with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a greater risk of developing cardiovascular problems. Since cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of mortality all over the world, we need to find more efficient measures to control this risk in the diabetes population in addition to conventional glycemic control. In this systematic review, we aim to explore the latest findings on the cardiovascular effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists and dual GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We conducted a comprehensive literature search using PubMed and Google Scholar as the main sources for data collection. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 recommendations for conducting this review. The outcomes of interest included mortality due to cardiovascular causes, non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, effects on cardiovascular risk factors, heart failure, and development of arrhythmias. After thorough literature screening and quality analysis, 14 articles were finally included for qualitative synthesis. GLP-1 receptor agonists appeared to be effective in reducing the risk of cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke. They were found to reduce the risk of composite major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) outcomes by 12-14% when compared to placebo. Their role in preventing heart failure and arrhythmias is uncertain, and further trials are needed to confirm the same. The cardiovascular outcomes of GLP-1/GIP dual agonists are currently under investigation. Studies completed to date show that they do not increase the risk of cardiovascular disease when compared to placebo.

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Role of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonists in Cardiovascular Risk Management in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review

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