Use of glucagon-like-peptide 1 receptor agonist in the treatment of childhood obesity

Sep 10, 2024Current opinion in pediatrics

Using glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor drugs to treat childhood obesity

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Abstract

GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) may promote weight loss and improve metabolic parameters in children and adolescents.

Recent studies indicate that GLP-1RAs, including exenatide, liraglutide, and semaglutide, may effectively support weight loss in the pediatric population.
These medications may impact weight loss through mechanisms such as delayed gastric emptying and appetite suppression.
Semaglutide, the latest GLP-1RA, shows potential for significant weight loss in adolescents, with safety and efficacy profiles similar to those observed in adults.
GLP-1RAs may serve as a valuable adjunct therapy for pediatric obesity, especially when lifestyle modifications alone are inadequate.
Further research is necessary to clarify the long-term safety and effectiveness of GLP-1RAs in children and to address access disparities.

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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Pediatric obesity is a growing epidemic. Lifestyle modifications remain central to obesity treatment, however pharmacologic options have gained traction, particularly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA). This review aims to summarize evidence on the use of GLP-1RAs in the management of pediatric obesity, physiological mechanisms of action of GLP-1RAs and their role in appetite regulation and glucose homeostasis and address the challenges and special considerations surrounding GLP-1RA use.

RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies have highlighted the efficacy of GLP-1RAs, such as exenatide, liraglutide, and semaglutide, in promoting weight loss and improving metabolic parameters in children and adolescents. GLP-1RA's efficacy extends beyond glycemic control to include weight loss mechanisms such as delayed gastric emptying (gastroparesis), and appetite suppression. Semaglutide, the newest GLP-1RA, holds potential for substantial weight loss in adolescents and demonstrates a similar safety and efficacy as seen in adults.

SUMMARY: GLP-1RAs may offer a promising adjunct therapy for pediatric obesity, particularly in cases where lifestyle interventions alone are insufficient. However, further research is needed to elucidate long-term safety and efficacy outcomes and to address potential disparities in access to care. Overall, this review highlights the relevance and timeliness of incorporating GLP-1RAs into the comprehensive management of pediatric obesity.

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Use of glucagon-like-peptide 1 receptor agonist in the treatment of childhood obesity

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