Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist and reduced liver and non-liver complications in adults with type 2 diabetes and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a target trial emulation study

🥈 Top 2% JournalApr 23, 2025Clinical and molecular hepatology

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists linked to fewer liver and other complications in adults with type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease

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Abstract

GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) are associated with a significantly lower incidence of (0.8 vs. 1.7 per 1,000 person-years).

Compared to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i), GLP-1RA showed a reduced incidence of cirrhosis (29.3 vs. 32.9 per 1,000 person-years).
The incidence of (CVD) was lower with GLP-1RA (57.2 vs. 73.9 per 1,000 person-years).
(CKD) occurred less frequently in the GLP-1RA group (4.5 vs. 6.8 per 1,000 person-years).
GLP-1RA was linked to a lower incidence of non-liver cancer (16.9 vs. 22.9 per 1,000 person-years).
Significant inverse associations for these outcomes persisted in the per-protocol analysis, with hazard ratios ranging from 0.60 to 0.77.

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BACKGROUND/AIMS: Information about the association of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1RA) with liver and non-liver complications is insufficient in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). We conducted a target trial emulation study to evaluate whether GLP-1RA decreases the risk of liver and non-liver outcomes.

METHODS: Patients with T2D and MASLD initiating GLP-1RA or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) were included from 2013 to 2022 in Merative™ Marketscan® Research Databases. Primary outcomes included incidences of (1) (HCC) and cirrhosis, and (2) (CVD), (CKD), and non-liver cancer. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was applied to balance baseline characteristics and Cox regression models were conducted to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

RESULTS: In the intention-to-treat design, GLP-1RA, compared with DPP-4i, had a significantly lower incidence (per 1,000 person-years) of HCC (0.8 vs. 1.7; HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.39-0.71), of cirrhosis (29.3 vs. 32.9; HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.86-0.96), of CVD (57.2 vs. 73.9; HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.86-0.95), of CKD (4.5 vs. 6.8; HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.64-0.84), and of non-liver cancer (16.9 vs. 22.9; HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.77-0.89). In the per-protocol design, significant inverse associations for these study outcomes still were observed, with HR 0.60-0.77.

CONCLUSION: In this emulated target trial of nationwide patients with T2D and MASLD, GLP-1RA use, when compared with DPP-4i, was associated with a significantly lower risk of liver and non-liver complications.

Key numbers

0.8 vs. 1.7 per 1,000 person-years

Lower incidence of

Incidence rates for GLP-1RA vs. DPP-4i users.

57.2 vs. 73.9 per 1,000 person-years

Lower incidence of

Incidence rates for GLP-1RA vs. DPP-4i users.

4.5 vs. 6.8 per 1,000 person-years

Lower incidence of

Incidence rates for GLP-1RA vs. DPP-4i users.

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Abstract

Key numbers

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