Gut microbiome and cancer immunotherapy

The gut microbiome may significantly influence the efficacy and toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer therapy.

• Gut microbiome is associated with immune modulation and plays a crucial role in human health and disease.
• Some cancer patients experience limited response or adverse effects from ICIs, highlighting variability in treatment outcomes.
• Modulating the gut microbiome may improve therapeutic responses and reduce treatment-related toxicities of cancer immunotherapy.
• The review discusses the relationship between gut microbiome and cancer immunotherapy, focusing on efficacy and toxicity.
• Approaches for manipulating gut microbiome to enhance responses to ICIs are explored, alongside current challenges.

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