Interaction of gut microbiota with dysregulation of bile acids in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and potential therapeutic implications of probiotics

Dysbiosis is associated with decreased synthesis of secondary bile acids, which may contribute to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

• Disturbance in gut microbiota is linked to various diseases, including NAFLD.
• Dysbiosis may trigger NAFLD through mechanisms such as inflammation, ethanol production, and lipotoxicity.
• Gut microbes convert primary bile acids into secondary bile acids, influencing the activation of nuclear receptors.
• Decreased activation of nuclear receptors, such as farnesoid X receptor (FXR), is associated with dysregulation in energy metabolism.
• Restoring the microbiome could offer a potential alternative approach for treating NAFLD.
• Identifying specific gut bacteria involved in bile acid metabolism may lead to effective probiotic therapies.

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