Modulation of gut microbiome in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: pro-, pre-, syn-, and antibiotics

Nov 1, 2018Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea)

Changes in gut bacteria in fatty liver disease with probiotics, prebiotics, combined supplements, and antibiotics

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Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common types of liver diseases worldwide, with increasing incidence.

NAFLD occurs when excess energy cannot be effectively stored in adipose tissue.
The gut-liver axis, connected via the portal vein, plays a significant role in NAFLD.
Dysbiosis, or imbalance, of the gut microbiome is associated with NAFLD pathophysiology.
Therapeutic strategies to manipulate gut microbiota include probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and antibiotics.
Numerous initial reports suggest potential effectiveness of these novel therapies in managing NAFLD.
Ongoing clinical trials are exploring these approaches for the prevention and management of NAFLD.

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common types of liver diseases worldwide and its incidence continues to increase. NAFLD occurs when the body can no longer effectively store excess energy in the adipose tissue. Despite the increasing prevalence of NAFLD, making lifestyle changes, including increased exercise, is often an elusive goal for patients with NAFLD. The liver directly connects to the gut-gastrointestinal milieu via the portal vein, which are all part of the gut-liver axis. Therefore, the gut-microbiome and microbial products have been actively studied as likely key factors in NAFLD pathophysiology. Hence, dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and therapeutic manipulation of the gut-liver axis are being investigated. Novel therapeutic approaches for modulating gut microbiota through the administration of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and antibiotics have been proposed with numerous promising initial reports on the effectiveness and clinical applications of these approaches. This review delves into the current evidence on novel therapies that modulate gut microbiota and discusses ongoing clinical trials targeting the gut-liver axis for the management and prevention of NAFLD.

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Modulation of gut microbiome in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: pro-, pre-, syn-, and antibiotics

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