HairTime: A noninvasive assay for estimating circadian phase from a single hair sample

Mar 25, 2026Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Estimating body clock timing from a single hair sample without surgery

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Abstract

HairTime estimates circadian phase from a single daytime hair sample and was assessed using over 4,000 samples.

Circadian phase is influenced by genetic and environmental factors and varies between individuals.
Disruptions in circadian rhythms are linked to various health issues.
The traditional method for assessing circadian phase, dim-light melatonin onset, is impractical for large studies.
HairTime demonstrated strong predictive power for circadian phase estimation compared to dim-light melatonin onset.
Circadian phase estimations showed a normal distribution and were associated with age, sex, and work schedules, indicating societal factors may influence internal rhythms.

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Circadian clocks govern daily physiological and behavioral processes and are crucial for health; disruptions can lead to various diseases. The circadian phase of entrainment-the phase of the internal circadian clock in relation to external environmental cycles-is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, varies between individuals, and is reflected in daily behaviors such as sleep-wake patterns, cognitive performance, and physical activity. While circadian phase may also fluctuate within individuals, the dynamics and extent of such variation in daily life remain largely unexplored. The gold standard for circadian phase assessment, dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO), is impractical for large-scale studies, and blood-based molecular biomarkers, while promising, are limited in feasibility. To address these challenges, we developed HairTime, a noninvasive assay that estimates circadian phase from a single daytime hair sample. Developed and evaluated in two steps-a training and a validation study-HairTime demonstrated strong predictive power compared to DLMO. Suitable for large-scale studies, it was assessed using over 4,000 samples. Circadian phase estimations showed a normal distribution and were associated with age, sex, and notably, work schedules, with earlier timing on workdays, suggesting that societal factors can modulate internal rhythms. Together, these findings establish HairTime as a promising tool for assessing circadian phase in research and lay the foundation for future applications in personalized chronotherapy.

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Circadian BiologyIssue #30

Your hair can reveal your circadian rhythm from a single sample

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HairTime: A noninvasive assay for estimating circadian phase from a single hair sample

Abstract

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