Differential regulation of hepatic gene expression by starvation versus refeeding following a high-sucrose or high-fat diet

Apr 7, 2005Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)

How Starvation and Refeeding Affect Liver Gene Activity After Eating High-Sugar or High-Fat Diets

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Abstract

Serum total cholesterol levels in mice decreased and then increased in response to starvation and refeeding after a high-sucrose or high-fat diet.

Refeeding after starvation led to increased serum levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in high-sucrose and high-fat diet groups compared to the control diet group.
Starvation significantly raised hepatic total cholesterol levels in mice on high-sucrose and high-fat diets compared to those on a control diet.
Hepatic levels of acyl coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase showed a pattern of increase followed by decrease in control and high-sucrose groups, while the high-fat group exhibited an opposite pattern.
Refeeding significantly increased hepatic acetyl-CoA carboxylase levels in high-sucrose and high-fat diet groups.
Starvation and refeeding significantly affected the mRNA levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I, showing enhancement in the high-sucrose group and variable responses in the other groups.

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OBJECTIVES: The objective of this work was to determine the effects of starvation versus refeeding following a high-sucrose diet (HS) or high-fat diet (HF) on fatty acid metabolism in mice.

METHODS: The mice were fed an AIN-76 control diet (CD), a modified HS, or an HF. The three dietary groups were subdivided into three groups each: those fed experimental diets for 12 wk, mice starved for 48 h after 12 wk on an experimental diet, and those with the same starvation treatment but with 72 h of refeeding after starvation, respectively.

RESULTS: Serum total cholesterol levels of CD and HF groups decreased and then increased under starvation and refeeding states, respectively. Refeeding HS and HF increased serum levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol compared with refeeding of the CD group. Starvation significantly increased hepatic levels of total cholesterol in the HS and HF groups compared with the CD group. Hepatic acyl coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase (ACS) levels in the CD and HS groups but not the HF group increased and then decreased under starved and refed states, respectively; an opposite regulation was observed in the HF group. Levels of hepatic acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in the HS and HF groups were significantly increased by refeeding. Hepatic levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I mRNA were significantly enhanced by starvation and refeeding in the HS group but decreased in CD and then increased in the HF group.

CONCLUSIONS: Changes in dietary energy nutrients, fasting, and refeeding affect hepatic ACS, CPT-I, and ACC mRNA expression, and these results will serve to enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of fatty acid metabolism.

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Differential regulation of hepatic gene expression by starvation versus refeeding following a high-sucrose or high-fat diet

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