Association between high visceral fat area and postoperative complications in patients with Crohn's disease following primary surgery

Sep 23, 2015Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland

High belly fat linked to complications after first surgery in Crohn's disease patients

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Abstract

In a study of 164 patients with Crohn's disease, 38.4% experienced postoperative complications.

Patients with visceral fat area (VFA) of ≥ 130 cm² had a significantly increased risk of complications, with an odds ratio of 2.69.
Corticosteroid use was also associated with a higher risk of postoperative complications, with an odds ratio of 2.86.
Patients with visceral obesity experienced longer operative times and greater blood loss during surgery.
Longer bowel resection lengths and higher rates of postoperative ileus were observed in patients with high VFA.
Overall, a greater number of complications were reported in patients with increased visceral fat.

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AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the association between visceral fat area (VFA) on CT and postoperative complications after primary surgery in patients with Crohn's disease (CD).

METHOD: Inclusion criteria were patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CD who had preoperative abdominal CT scan. The areas of total fat, subcutaneous fat and visceral fat were measured using an established image-analysis method at the lumbar 3 (L3) level on CT cross-sectional images. Visceral obesity was defined as a visceral fat area (VFA) of ≥ 130 cm(2) . Clinical variables, intra-operative outcomes and postoperative courses within 30 days were analysed.

RESULTS: A total of 164 patients met the inclusion criteria. Sixty-three (38.4%) patients had postoperative complications. The mean age of the patients with complications (the study group) was 40.4 ± 15.4 years and of those without complications (the control group) was 35.8 ± 12.9 years (P = 0.049). There were no differences in disease location and behaviour between patients with or without complications (P > 0.05). In multivariable analysis, VFA [odds ratio (OR) = 2.69; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09-6.62; P = 0.032] and corticosteroid use (OR = 2.86; 95% CI: 1.32-6.21; P = 0.008) were found to be associated with postoperative complications. Patients with visceral obesity had a significantly longer operative time (P = 0.012), more blood loss (P = 0.019), longer bowel resection length (P = 0.003), postoperative ileus (P = 0.039) and a greater number of complications overall (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: High VFA was found to be associated with an increased risk for 30-day postoperative complications in patients with CD undergoing primary surgery.

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Association between high visceral fat area and postoperative complications in patients with Crohn's disease following primary surgery

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