Current biology : CB

Resting Energy Use Changes with Body's Internal Clock

Updated

Abstract

Fasted resting energy expenditure varies by circadian phase, with lowest levels at approximately 0° and highest levels at approximately 180°.

  • Circadian misalignment may influence energy expenditure and obesity risk in individuals with irregular schedules.
  • The study demonstrates that resting energy expenditure (REE) varies independently of sleep and activity patterns.
  • Respiratory quotient (RQ), indicating how the body uses macronutrients, also fluctuates with circadian phase.
  • Lowest RQ values occur around circadian phase 240°, while highest values are observed at phase 60°, correlating with biological morning.
  • Findings suggest that variations in energy expenditure and macronutrient metabolism could be linked to weight gain in shift workers.

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Funding

Competing interests

DECLARATION OF INTERESTS. KMZ, NV, RKY, CMI, JEM, WW, JSW, and JFD have nothing to disclose. OBM has received subcontracts to Penn State from Mobile Sleep Technologies (National Science Foundation #1622766, National Institutes of Health R43AG056250). C.A.C. has received consulting fees from or served as a paid member of scientific advisory boards for: Bose Corporation; Boston Celtics; Boston Red Sox; Cephalon, Inc.; Columbia River Bar Pilots; Ganésco Inc.; Institute of Digital Media and Child Development; Jazz Pharmaceuticals; Klarman Family Foundation; Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V.; Merck & Co. Inc.; Novartis; Purdue Pharma; Quest Diagnostics, Inc.; Samsung Electronics; Sleep Multimedia, Inc.; Teva Pharmaceuticals; Vanda Pharmaceuticals; Washington State Board of Pilotage Commissioners and Zurich Insurance Company, Ltd. CAC has also received education/research support from Cephalon Inc., Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Mary Ann & Stanley Snider via Combined Jewish Philanthropies, National Football League Charities, Optum, Philips Respironics, ResMed Foundation, San Francisco Bar Pilots, Schneider Inc., Simmons, Sysco and Vanda Pharmaceuticals, Inc. The Sleep and Health Education Program of the Harvard Medical School Division of Sleep Medicine (which CAC directs) has received Educational Grant funding from Cephalon, Inc., Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Teva Pharmaceuticals Industries Ltd., Sanofi-Aventis, Inc., Sepracor, Inc. and Wake Up Narcolepsy. CAC is the incumbent of an endowed professorship provided to Harvard University by Cephalon, Inc. and holds a number of process patents in the field of sleep/circadian rhythms (e.g., photic resetting of the human circadian pacemaker). Since 1985, CAC has also served as an expert on various legal and technical cases related to sleep and/or circadian rhythms including those involving the following commercial entities: Bombardier, Inc.; Complete General Construction Company; Continental Airlines; FedEx; Greyhound; HG Energy LLC; Purdue Pharma, L.P.; South Carolina Central Railroad CO; Stric-Lan Companies LLC; Texas Premier Resource LLC; and United Parcel Service (UPS). CAC owns or owned an equity interest in Somnus Therapeutics, Inc., and Vanda Pharmaceuticals. He received royalties from the New England Journal of Medicine, McGraw Hill, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, and Philips Respironics, Inc. for the Actiwatch-2 and Actiwatch-Spectrum devices. CAC’s interests were reviewed and managed by Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Partners HealthCare in accordance with their conflict of interest policies.
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