A testis-specific gene controls the body’s internal clock by acting on the PER2 gene

TTRP, a TDP-43 pseudogene, emerged in higher Hominoidea species approximately 8.6 million years ago.

• TTRP is a testis-specific gene in humans that overlaps with the clock gene PER2 and disrupts its transcription.
• The protein encoded by TTRP interacts with key clock proteins PER2, BMAL1, and CRY2, influencing their stability.
• Changes in TTRP protein expression from gorillas and bonobos affect the circadian rhythm characteristics in human cells.
• Introducing human TTRP into mouse testes results in longer brood-interval times and a higher ratio of motile sperm.
• These observations indicate that TTRP may play a crucial role in the regulation of the circadian clock.

Simplified