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Abstract
Immunosenescence and inflammaging are linked to age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
- Aging alters immune function, leading to a state of chronic, low-grade inflammation.
- Senescent microglia and astrocytes lose their protective roles in the central nervous system.
- Systemic immune aging and blood-brain barrier dysfunction increase neuroinflammation.
- This inflammatory environment may contribute to synaptic dysfunction and cognitive decline.
- Innate and adaptive immune dysregulation, along with mitochondrial impairment, are mechanistic links to neurodegeneration.
- Several emerging therapies aim to restore immune balance and improve brain health.
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