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Independent and combined relationships between light at night, air pollutants, PM2.5 components and risk of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: a cohort study
How Nighttime Light and Air Pollution Together and Separately Relate to Risk of Heart, Kidney, and Metabolic Problems
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Abstract
Over a median follow-up of 4.2 years, 792 incident syndrome cases were identified.
- Higher exposure to light at night is associated with an increased risk of CKM syndrome (HR = 1.46).
- Increased levels of nitrogen dioxide (NOβ), particulate matter (PM), nitrate (NOββ»), and ammonium (NHββΊ) are independently linked to elevated CKM risk.
- Significant interactions between light at night and various air pollutants suggest a compounded effect on CKM syndrome risk.
- Joint exposure to high light at night and high particulate matter is associated with a 56.3% increased risk of CKM syndrome.
- Findings indicate a need for multi-factor assessments in future CKM syndrome research.
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Key numbers
1.46
Increase in Syndrome Risk (LAN)
HR for highest vs. lowest quartile of LAN exposure
1.75
Increase in Syndrome Risk (PM)
HR for highest quartile of PM exposure
1.563
Increase in Syndrome Risk (Joint Exposure)
HR for high LAN and high PMββ exposure