Indoor air pollution from solid fuels and its link to depression: a review and combined analysis

A statistically significant relationship was found between household solid fuel use and depression, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.22 (95% CI = 1.09-1.36).

• Nine articles with a total of 70,214 subjects were analyzed to assess the relationship between indoor air pollution and depression.
• Indoor air pollution from solid fuel was associated with a higher risk of depression compared to biomass fuel.
• The odds ratio for depression risk from solid fuel was 1.24 (95% CI = 1.10-1.39), while it was 1.18 (95% CI = 0.96-1.45) for biomass.
• Using solid fuel for cooking was linked to an increased depression risk, with a pooled OR of 1.21 (95% CI = 1.08-1.36).
• Using solid fuel for heating also correlated with higher depression risk, showing a pooled OR of 1.23 (95% CI = 1.13-1.34).

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