Journal of behavioral addictionsSep 8, 2016

Confusion in Diagnosing Internet Gaming Disorder in DSM-5: Problems and Suggestions for Clearer Criteria

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Updated Apr 5, 2026

Abstract

Internet addiction and (IGD) are distinct concepts with differing implications.

The term 'Internet addiction' lacks specificity due to the variety of problematic online behaviors.
IGD is characterized by specific online gaming activities but can also involve offline games.
The DSM-5's definition of IGD is considered vague, leading to confusion about the necessity of online gaming for diagnosis.
There is ongoing debate among researchers regarding the appropriateness of the term 'Internet' in IGD, with some suggesting alternatives like 'video .'
The current DSM-5 framework may complicate understanding and consensus on IGD diagnosis.

Simplified

Background The umbrella term "Internet addiction" has been criticized for its lack of specificity given the heterogeneity of potentially problematic behaviors that can be engaged in online as well as different underlying etiological mechanisms. This has led to the naming of specific online addictions, the most notable being (IGD). Methods Using the contemporary literature concerning IGD and cognate topics, issues and concerns relating to the concept of IGD are examined. Results Internet addiction and IGD are not the same, and distinguishing between the two is conceptually meaningful. Similarly, the diagnosis of IGD as proposed in the appendix of the latest (fifth) edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) remains vague regarding whether or not games need to be engaged in online, stating that IGD typically involves specific Internet games, but can also include offline games, adding to the lack of clarity. A number of authors have voiced concerns regarding the viability of including the word "Internet" in IGD, and instead proposed to use the term "video " or simply "gaming disorder," suggesting addiction to video gaming can also occur offline. Conclusion The DSM-5 has caused more confusion than clarity regarding the disorder, reflected by researchers in the field contesting a supposedly reached consensus for IGD diagnosis.

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Confusion in Diagnosing Internet Gaming Disorder in DSM-5: Problems and Suggestions for Clearer Criteria

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