Intratumoural immunotherapies in oncology

Intratumoural therapies may convert a 'cold' immune-inert tumour microenvironment into a 'hot' immune-inflamed one.

• Immune checkpoint inhibitors are the standard care for many tumours but many patients do not benefit due to a lack of T-cell inflammation.
• Directly injected intratumoural therapies could stimulate T-cell inflammation.
• Current approaches under clinical development include chemoablation, oncolytic viral therapy, cytokines, and agents targeting innate immunity.
• Melanoma is currently leading in intratumoural drug development due to its immunogenic properties.
• Advancements in endoscopic and interventional radiological techniques are enabling injections into visceral lesions.

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