Current strategies for intratumoural immunotherapy – Beyond immune checkpoint inhibition

Novel combination therapies using intratumoural immunotherapies may help overcome resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

• Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) provide durable responses in only a subset of patients.
• Resistance mechanisms to ICIs are a major focus of ongoing clinical research.
• Targeting immunoregulatory pathways in the tumour microenvironment could enhance the efficacy of these treatments.
• Intratumoural immunotherapies, including various agonists and oncolytic viruses, may serve as potential combination options.
• Combining intratumoural immunotherapies with ICIs may modify the tumour microenvironment to improve antitumour responses.
• Optimizing clinical trials for intratumoural immunotherapies may identify which patients are likely to benefit the most.

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