Lipid Nanoparticles for mRNA Delivery in Cancer Immunotherapy

🎖️ Top 10% JournalMar 19, 2025The AAPS journal

Using Tiny Fat Particles to Deliver mRNA for Cancer Immunotherapy

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mRNA Technology on OpenScience ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗

Abstract

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have shown significant success in delivering messenger RNA (mRNA) for cancer immunotherapy.

LNPs are crucial for enhancing mRNA stability and facilitating its delivery into cells.
The efficiency of endosomal escape and passive targeting remains a challenge in mRNA delivery.
Key advancements in LNP design include optimization of chemical structures for improved transfection.
Factors influencing the effectiveness of mRNA-loaded LNPs include transfection efficiency and tropism.
Both preclinical and clinical applications of mRNA LNPs in cancer immunotherapy are discussed.

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Cancer immunotherapy is poised to be one of the major modalities for cancer treatment. Messenger RNA (mRNA) has emerged as a versatile and promising platform for the development of effective cancer immunotherapy. Delivery systems for mRNA therapeutics are pivotal for their optimal therapeutic efficacy and minimal adverse side effects. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have demonstrated a great success for mRNA delivery. Numerous LNPs have been designed and optimized to enhance mRNA stability, facilitate transfection, and ensure intracellular delivery for subsequent processing. Nevertheless, challenges remain to, for example, improve the efficiency of endosomal escape and passive targeting. This review highlights key advancements in the development of mRNA LNPs for cancer immunotherapy. We delve into the design of LNPs for mRNA delivery, encompassing the chemical structures, characterization, and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of LNP compositions. We discuss the key factors influencing the transfection efficiency, passive targeting, and tropism of mRNA-loaded LNPs. We also review the preclinical and clinical applications of mRNA LNPs in cancer immunotherapy. This review can enhance our understanding in the design and application of LNPs for mRNA delivery in cancer immunotherapy.

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Abstract

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