Science (New York, N.Y.)Sep 3, 2026

Expected and unexpected effects of widely prescribing GLP-1 medicines

GLP-1 Therapies Weekly Brief ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗

Updated Sep 4, 2026

Abstract

The World Health Organization recommends GLP-1 receptor agonists for treating obesity, addressing 1 billion affected people globally.

GLP-1 pharmacotherapies are increasingly discussed in relation to various health issues beyond obesity.
The WHO's guidelines emphasize the need for equitable access to GLP-1 medications.
Population-level policies are recommended to tackle underlying causes of obesity linked to unhealthy food environments.
A competitive market involving pharmaceutical and food companies may hinder fair access to GLP-1 treatments.
The current landscape includes wellness companies promoting alternative GLP-1-related products and services.

Simplified

It is difficult to overstate how much glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) pharmacotherapies have inundated the public discourse on obesity. An avalanche of scientific papers, news articles, and social media posts debate the efficacy, affordability, and appropriateness of GLP-1 receptor agonists not just for obesity but also skin disease, erectile dysfunction, pregnancy, and addiction. Attempting to cut through the noise, the World Health Organization (WHO) recently published the first-ever global guidelines recommending GLP-1s for the treatment of obesity, while committing to develop a global framework ensuring "fair access" to these medicines for the 1 billion people affected worldwide. Going deeper, the guidelines also advocate for "robust populationlevel policies" to address the root causes of obesity in unhealthy food environments. However, to complicate these efforts, WHO's recommendations unfold at a time rife with competitive pressures among pharmaceutical companies, food companies vying for the GLP-1 market segment, and wellness companies promoting supplements and telemedicine programs for what is being billed as a GLP-1 lifestyle. This commercial milieu is ripe for unintended consequences that conspire against fair access to these medicines.

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Expected and unexpected effects of widely prescribing GLP-1 medicines

Abstract

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