Meat substitutes: Resource demands and environmental footprints

The review analyzes environmental impacts and resource consumption rates associated with alternative proteins as meat substitutes.

• Adopting alternative proteins may influence greenhouse gas emissions, land use, non-renewable energy use, and water consumption.
• Potential benefits and limitations of meat substitutes are related to their weight and protein content.
• Increased consumption rates of alternative proteins could lead to unintended environmental trade-offs.
• The findings indicate a need for further studies to address unresolved issues in integrating alternative proteins into the food system.

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