Differences in the interpretation of a modernized Mediterranean diet prescribed in intervention studies for the management of type 2 diabetes: how closely does this align with a traditional Mediterranean diet?

Considerable variation exists in the qualitative interpretation of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) as an intervention for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

• Many studies reported improved glycaemic control and favorable cardiovascular outcomes with adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet.
• The majority of studies emphasized increased intake of vegetables, wholegrains, and the use of olive oil, while substituting white meat for red and processed meat.
• Specific dietary recommendations for fruit, legumes, nuts, bread, red wine, and fermentable dairy products were less consistently reported.
• Inadequate reporting of MedDiet interventions was identified, despite references to a 'traditional' MedDiet.
• A refined definition of a modernized MedDiet distinct from a prudent dietary pattern is warranted due to the observed discordance.

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