Metabolic response to high-carbohydrate and low-carbohydrate meals in a nonhuman primate model

Dec 28, 2012American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism

Metabolic responses to high- and low-carbohydrate meals in a monkey model

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Abstract

Plasma glucose and insulin levels were significantly higher after ingesting a high-carbohydrate/low-fat (HCLF) meal compared to a low-carbohydrate/high-fat (LCHF) meal.

The HCLF meal resulted in a greater rate of glucose appearance in the portal vein and systemic circulation compared to the LCHF meal.
Endogenous glucose production decreased by approximately 40% after the HCLF meal but remained unchanged after the LCHF meal.
Portal vein blood flow increased similarly after consumption of both meal types.
LCHF diets were associated with minimal changes in glucose homeostasis and pancreatic β-cell activity.

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We established a model of chronic portal vein catheterization in an awake nonhuman primate to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the metabolic response to low-carbohydrate/high-fat (LCHF; 20% carbohydrate and 65% fat) and high-carbohydrate/low-fat (HCLF; 65% carbohydrate and 20% fat) meal ingestion. Each meal was given 1 wk apart to five young adult (7.8 ± 1.3 yr old) male baboons. A [U-¹³C]glucose tracer was added to the meal, and a [6,6-²H₂]glucose tracer was infused systemically to assess glucose kinetics. Plasma areas under the curve (AUCs) of glucose, insulin, and C-peptide in the femoral artery and of glucose and insulin in the portal vein were higher (P ≤ 0.05) after ingestion of the HCLF compared with the LCHF meal. Compared with the LCHF meal, the rate of appearance of ingested glucose into the portal vein and the systemic circulation was greater after the HCLF meal (P < 0.05). Endogenous glucose production decreased by ∼40% after ingestion of the HCLF meal but was not affected by the LCHF meal (P < 0.05). Portal vein blood flow increased (P < 0.001) to a similar extent after consumption of either meal. In conclusion, a LCHF diet causes minimal changes in the rate of glucose appearance in both portal and systemic circulations, does not affect the rate of endogenous glucose production, and causes minimal stimulation of C-peptide and insulin. These observations demonstrate that LCHF diets cause minimal perturbations in glucose homeostasis and pancreatic β-cell activity.

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Metabolic response to high-carbohydrate and low-carbohydrate meals in a nonhuman primate model

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