The role of microbiota modulation in preventing Alzheimer’s disease- a review

Oct 24, 2025Pharmacological reports : PR

How changing gut bacteria may help prevent Alzheimer's disease

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Abstract

The incidence of Alzheimer's disease is projected to triple worldwide over the next 25 years.

Late-onset Alzheimer's disease develops in individuals with genetic predispositions and environmental risk factors.
Key characteristics of Alzheimer's disease include the buildup of amyloid-β, neurofibrillary tangles, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Metabolic disruptions in Alzheimer's disease lead to early cerebral glucose hypometabolism and changes in lipid and amino acid profiles.
Alterations in gut microbiota are consistently associated with the progression of Alzheimer's disease through various inflammatory and metabolic pathways.
Therapeutic interventions targeting the gut-brain axis may include , probiotics, antibiotics, and specific dietary strategies.

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, and its incidence is projected to triple worldwide over the next 25 years. The most prevalent form, late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), develops in genetically predisposed individuals exposed to environmental risk factors. Hallmarks of AD include accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ), neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in oxidative stress, impaired glucose metabolism, and cognitive decline. Such metabolic disruptions result in early cerebral glucose hypometabolism and other metabolic disruptions, including altered lipid and branched-chain amino acid profiles. Recent evidence suggests that gut microbiota alterations, although individually variable, are a consistent and influential factor in AD progressioninflammatory and metabolic pathways. This narrative review explores therapeutic interventions targeting the gut-brain axis, including (FMT), probiotic and antibiotic treatments, and dietary strategies such as the ketogenic and Mediterranean diets, as well as nutritional compounds such as omega-3 fatty acids. The aim is to evaluate the latest findings in both preclinical and clinical studies to identify multi-targeted, microbiota-based approaches for the prevention and management of AD. via

Key numbers

152.8 million

Projected cases by 2050

Global cases projected to rise significantly.

51.6 million

Current global prevalence

Current number of individuals affected by worldwide.

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The role of microbiota modulation in preventing Alzheimer’s disease- a review

Abstract

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Abstract

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Recent issues from the gut-brain axis brief