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Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease globally.
- DKD is characterized by a rise in prevalence and limited treatment options.
- Key cellular events in DKD progression include podocyte injury, tubular damage, endothelial dysfunction, pericyte loss, and immune-inflammatory responses, contributing to glomerular and tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
- Important pathways associated with DKD progression involve lipotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, abnormal cellular recycling, inflammasome activation, and profibrotic signaling.
- Clinically approved treatments for DKD include agents that inhibit the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2, among others.
- Emerging therapeutic targets under investigation include anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and metabolic interventions.
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