Multi-omics profiling reveals key microbial and metabolic variations in ischemic stroke: insights into gut and oral microbiota

Oct 8, 2025Archives of microbiology

Microbial and metabolic differences linked to ischemic stroke in gut and mouth bacteria

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Abstract

A total of 57 individuals, including 32 ischemic stroke patients, were analyzed for microbial and metabolic changes.

Ischemic stroke patients showed higher levels of periodontal pathogens in their oral cavity compared to controls.
There was significant overlap of bacterial genera between the oral and gut microbiomes in ischemic stroke patients, indicating potential mutual transfer.
Patients exhibited increased diversity and dysbiosis in gut microbiota, with a notable deficiency of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria.
Metabolomic analysis indicated decreased levels of butyrate and increased levels of specific amino acids in ischemic stroke patients.
These metabolic changes correlated with the observed microbial shifts, suggesting a link between and stroke pathogenesis.

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Dysbiosis of oral and gut microbiota may influence ischemic stroke (IS) pathogenesis through immune and metabolic mechanisms. This study investigated microbial translocation between oral and gut niches and its functional metabolic impact in IS patients. A total of 57 individuals were analyzed, including 25 controls (FC/KC) and 32 IS patients (FS/KS). Samples were obtained from the gut and oral subgingival plaque. The microbiome analysis was performed using the PacBio platform 16 S rRNA full-length gene sequencing, while non-targeted metabolomics was used to assess intestinal metabolites. The oral cavity of IS patients harbored abundant periodontal pathogens, including Porphyromonas and Fusobacterium. Bacterial genera (such as Streptococcus, Neisseria, Ligilactobacillus, Leptotrichia, Blautia, Veillonella, and Capnocytophaga) significantly overlapped between the oral and gut niches in IS patients, suggesting mutual transfer. IS patients exhibited increased diversity and dysbiosis in their gut microbiota, characterized by a deficiency of (SCFA)-producing bacteria (Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium), and an enrichment of opportunistic pathogens (Streptococcus and Ligilactobacillus). Metabolomic analysis revealed concomitant disturbances in microbial metabolism, marked by decreased SCFAs (butyrate) and increased levels of specific amino acids (L-tryptophan). These metabolic changes were correlated with the microbial shifts. IS is associated with distinct dysbiosis in both the oral and gut ecosystems, which are interconnected through bacterial translocation. The metabolic disruption may link to stroke pathogenesis through the oral-gut axis.

Key numbers

10,763

Shared

Number of shared in IS patients

590

Decreased metabolites

Number of metabolites decreased in IS patients

550

Increased metabolites

Number of metabolites increased in IS patients

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Multi-omics profiling reveals key microbial and metabolic variations in ischemic stroke: insights into gut and oral microbiota

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