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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasingly associated with cognitive impairment and dementia.
- Cognitive decline in T2D may be influenced by metabolic dysregulation, vascular injury, neuroinflammation, and defective brain insulin signaling.
- Emerging neuroprotective strategies include both pharmacological and lifestyle-based interventions.
- Glucose-lowering agents such as metformin, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists may have additional effects on brain metabolism, inflammation, and vascular health.
- There is a proposal for a shift in T2D management to explicitly include cognitive preservation as a therapeutic goal.
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