New therapeutic agents for type 2 diabetes: anaesthetic considerations. A narrative review

Sep 25, 2025Anaesthesiology intensive therapy

New Treatments for Type 2 Diabetes and Their Effects on Anesthesia

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Abstract

An increasing number of patients treated with novel antidiabetic drugs are presenting in the perioperative period.

  • GLP-1 receptor agonists are known to delay gastric emptying, though current data on this effect are preliminary and conflicting.
  • SGLT2 inhibitors may be associated with euglycemic ketoacidosis during the perioperative period.
  • Gastric ultrasound may help assess residual gastric content and stratify aspiration risk in patients undergoing surgery.
  • Recommendations for managing patients on GLP-1 receptor agonists or SGLT2 inhibitors during surgery are largely based on expert opinion and consensus.
  • Key perioperative considerations and potential adverse effects of these drug classes are summarized to aid practitioners.

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