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Abstract
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) increased NAD+ levels in mammalian fertilized ova, improving their viability.
- NAD+ levels decreased during in vitro culture but were restored by NMN.
- NMN enhanced the blastocyst formation rate and accelerated developmental progress.
- Gene expression analysis revealed significant changes in mitochondrial function-related genes in morula due to NMN.
- NMN increased mitochondrial membrane potential, oxygen consumption rate, and mitochondrial DNA copy number in morula.
- Reactive oxygen species levels were reduced in morula treated with NMN.
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