Night Shift Work and Risk of Melanoma: A Prospective Cohort Study among 59,384 Female Nurses in the Netherlands

Jun 23, 2025Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology

Night Shift Work and Melanoma Risk in Over 59,000 Dutch Female Nurses

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Abstract

307 women developed melanoma during 10 years of follow-up with no increased risk linked to night shift work.

Melanoma risk was not significantly different between women who worked night shifts and those who did not.
The age-adjusted hazard ratio for melanoma in relation to night shift work was 0.98, indicating no increased risk.
No significant associations were found for longer night shift duration, higher cumulative nights worked, or more consecutive nights per month.
The analysis included detailed lifetime information on night shift work from a large cohort of 59,384 female nurses.

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BACKGROUND: Night shift work may be a risk factor for melanoma, potentially due to suppressed melatonin and decreased vitamin D levels. We examine the potential association between night shift work and melanoma risk using detailed, lifetime information on night shift work in a large cohort of Dutch nurses.

METHODS: We used questionnaire data from the Nightingale Study obtained from 59,384 (former) female nurses ages 19 to 65 years (median: 48.7; IQR: 39.6-55.3). HRs and 95% confidence intervals for melanoma risk in relation to various lifetime night shift work exposure variables were estimated.

RESULTS: During 10 years of follow-up, 307 women developed melanoma. Melanoma risk did not differ between women who worked night shifts and those who never worked night shifts (age-adjusted HR = 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.73-1.30). No statistically significantly increased risks were found for a longer night shift work duration, a higher cumulative number of nights worked, a higher number of consecutive nights worked per month, or a shorter time since quitting night shift work.

CONCLUSIONS: We found no association between night shift work exposure and melanoma risk.

IMPACT: This study should reassure nurses that working night shifts is not associated with an increased risk of melanoma.

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Night Shift Work and Risk of Melanoma: A Prospective Cohort Study among 59,384 Female Nurses in the Netherlands

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