Norepinephrine involvement in antidepressant action.

Jul 26, 2000The Journal of clinical psychiatry

Norepinephrine’s role in how antidepressants work

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Abstract

Selective blockers of norepinephrine reuptake may be potential antidepressants.

Existing research indicates that norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors could have antidepressant properties.
The acute effects of currently marketed antidepressants are linked to their long-term efficacy.
Long-term use of SSRIs primarily affects serotonergic systems, while norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors modify noradrenergic parameters.
Enhancing central noradrenergic transmission may help alleviate depression symptoms.

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Because of the introduction and popularity of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants, much attention was centered on the indolealkylamine 5-hydroxytryptamine, or serotonin. To some extent, this focus on serotonin occurred at the expense of the catecholamine neurotransmitter norepinephrine. Nevertheless, it has been apparent for almost 40 years that selective blockers of norepinephrine reuptake may be antidepressants (e.g., desipramine). This brief review covers the acute pharmacologic effects that may be responsible for the efficacy of currently marketed antidepressants as well as that of reboxetine, a newly developed selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. Also discussed is the fact that the acute pharmacologic profile of selective reuptake inhibitors often predicts effects they produce when given long term. For example, the long-term administration of SSRIs produces certain effects on serotonergic systems, but not noradrenergic ones. By contrast, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, when given long term, modify certain noradrenergic parameters, but not serotonergic indices. Finally, it is speculated how drugs that enhance central noradrenergic transmission might ameliorate the symptoms of depression.

Norepinephrine involvement in antidepressant action.

Abstract

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