Nutrition, supplements, and body composition in professional volleyball players

The daily diet of female volleyball players was low in energy and inadequate in essential nutrients.

• Anthropometric characteristics of the players met the recommendations for volleyball athletes.
• Carbohydrate and dietary fiber intake was very low compared to guidelines for physically active individuals.
• The diet contained excessive saturated fatty acids and dietary cholesterol while being deficient in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
• Intake of vitamins and minerals, particularly iron and calcium, was alarmingly low.
• Body composition analysis revealed no significant abnormalities, but recommendations were made to increase muscle mass and reduce body fat.

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