combines the metabolic benefits of ketosis with substantial calorie restriction to improve overall health.
VLEKT may positively affect key organs involved in obesity management, including adipose tissue and liver.
The diet is associated with modulation of intestinal permeability, gut microbiota, and inflammatory pathways.
Potential improvements in obesity-related comorbidities like , cardiovascular disease, and liver disease have been noted.
Adherence to VLEKT and the risk of nutritional deficiencies necessitate individualized monitoring by specialists.
Future research is needed to clarify the molecular mechanisms involved and assess long-term safety.
Simplified
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This narrative review comprehensively analyzes as an advanced nutritional strategy for obesity management. The focus is on the beneficial effects on key disease organs, such as adipose tissue and liver, as well as the modulation of intestinal permeability and its fundamental role in influencing the gut microbiota and inflammatory pathways.
RECENT FINDINGS: The impact of VLEKT on obesity-related comorbidities, including , cardiovascular disease, endocrine disorders, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), neurological disorders, and kidney alterations, is also investigated. Moreover, to assess its wider application in obesity treatment, the combination of ketogenic regimes with additional strategies such as physical activity, bariatric surgery, and digital health technologies is examined. Despite promising clinical results, adherence to VLEKT and potential nutritional deficiencies require careful follow-up and individualized programming monitored by specialists. Future research should focus on elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects on physiological systems, and long-term safety. Nevertheless, VLEKT is an innovative approach to obesity treatment, offering a target-oriented and highly effective strategy for people fighting against overweight and its associated medical complications. Obesity is a multifactorial and chronic disease associated with numerous comorbidities; given its increasing prevalence, effective and personalized intervention strategies are crucial to inhibit the "obesity pandemic" according to a "food re-educational" protocol. Among dietary interventions, the ketogenic diet (KD) has attracted attention for its effectiveness in weight management and metabolic benefits. A variant, the very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD), more recently defined as very low-energy ketogenic diet (VLEKD), combines the metabolic benefits of ketosis with substantial calorie restriction, improving overall health.
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