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Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with five simultaneous biological pathways affecting oral microbiome health.
- Chronic intermittent hypoxia may drive immune system dysfunction in OSA.
- Obligate mouth breathing is associated with dry saliva, impacting oral microbiome balance.
- Elevated salivary glucose levels could promote harmful bacteria growth in the mouth.
- Gastroesophageal reflux can introduce acid challenges that affect oral health.
- Activation of the body's stress response may suppress the immune defenses in the mouth.
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