Oral Semaglutide, A New Option in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review

Sep 5, 2020Advances in therapy

Oral Semaglutide as a New Treatment Option for Type 2 Diabetes

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Abstract

Oral semaglutide may reduce HbA1c levels and body weight more effectively than other antidiabetic agents.

Oral semaglutide shows similar effectiveness to other GLP-1 receptor agonists in managing type 2 diabetes.
The safety profile of oral semaglutide is comparable to other GLP-1 receptor agonists.
A randomized controlled trial did not show a reduction in the incidence of the composite primary endpoint.
A reduction in cardiovascular and all-cause mortality was observed with oral semaglutide.
This formulation may be beneficial for patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease or high cardiovascular risk who prefer oral medication over injections.

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According to current guidelines, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are the antidiabetic agent of choice in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and established cardiovascular disease (CVD) and are also the preferable antidiabetic agent in patients with T2DM without CVD but with indicators of high cardiovascular risk. A limitation in the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists is that they are delivered by subcutaneous injections. In this context, the development of an orally administered formulation of semaglutide offers an additional option in the management of patients with T2DM. In the present review, we discuss the findings of the main trials that evaluated the safety and efficacy of oral semaglutide. Oral semaglutide appears to be more effective in reducing HbAlevels and body weight than other antidiabetic agents and similarly effective to other GLP-1 receptor agonists. The safety profile of oral semaglutide is also comparable with other members of its class. Even though oral semaglutide did not reduce the incidence of the composite primary endpoint in a randomized controlled trial, a reduction in cardiovascular and all-cause mortality was observed. Therefore, oral semaglutide appears to represent a useful tool in the management of patients with TD2M, particularly those with established CVD or high cardiovascular risk and unwilling to receive injectable GLP-1 receptor agonists. 1c

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Oral Semaglutide, A New Option in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review

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