New insights into the regulation mechanism of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) hepatopancreas under 4-nonylphenol exposure using transcriptome analysis

Sep 4, 2023Fish & shellfish immunology

How 4-Nonylphenol Affects Gene Activity in the Digestive Gland of Pacific White Shrimp

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Abstract

A total of 962 up-regulated and 463 down-regulated genes were identified in Pacific white shrimp after 24 hours of exposure to 4-Nonylphenol.

Exposure to 4-Nonylphenol resulted in significant changes in gene expression in the hepatopancreas of Pacific white shrimp.
After 48 hours of exposure, a total of 902 up-regulated and 1027 down-regulated genes were observed, indicating increased gene inhibition over time.
Three pathways related to hormonal effects and endocrine function were significantly enriched: tyrosine metabolism, insect hormone biosynthesis, and melanogenesis.
Genes involved in tyrosine metabolism and melanogenesis were activated to produce melanin, potentially aiding shrimp in adverse environments.
In the insect hormone biosynthesis pathway, genes responsible for synthesizing juvenile and molting hormones were also activated, suggesting a complex hormonal interplay under 4-NP stress.

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4-Nonylphenol (4-NP) is one of the common endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in estuaries and coastal zones, which can exert detrimental effects on the physiological function of aquatic organisms. However, the molecular response triggered by 4-NP remains largely unknown in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). In this study, transcriptomic analysis was performed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of 4-NP toxicity in the hepatopancreas of L. vannamei. Nine RNA-Seq libraries were generated from L. vannamei at 0 h, 24 h, and 48 h following exposure to 4-NP. Compared with 0 h vs 24 h, 962 up- and 463 down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, indicating that many genes in L. vannamei were induced to resist adverse circumstances by 4-NP exposure. In contrast, 902 up- and 1027 down-regulated DEGs were revealed in the comparison of 0 h vs 48 h, demonstrating that prolonged exposure to the stress from 4-NP resulted in more inhibited genes. To validate the accuracy of the transcriptome data, eight DEGs were selected for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), which were consistent with the RNA-Seq results. Through KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, three specific pathways related to hormonal effects and endocrine function of L. vannamei were enriched significantly, including tyrosine metabolism, insect hormone biosynthesis, and melanogenesis. After 4-NP stress, genes involved in tyrosine metabolism (Tyr) and melanogenesis pathway (AC, CBP, Wnt, Frizzled, Tcf, and Ras) were induced to promote melanin pigment to help shrimp resist adverse environments. In the insect hormone biosynthesis, ALDH, CYP15A1, CYP15A1/C1, and JHE genes were activated to synthesize juvenile hormone (JH), while Spook, Phm, Sad, and CYP18A1 were induced to generate molting hormone. There is an enhanced interaction between the molting hormone and JH, with JH playing a dominant role and maintaining its "classic status quo action". Our study demonstrated that 4-NP exposure led to impairments of biological functions in L. vannamei hepatopancreas. The genes and pathways identified provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying 4-NP toxicity effects in prawns and enrich the information on the toxicity mechanism of crustaceans in response to EDCs exposure.

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New insights into the regulation mechanism of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) hepatopancreas under 4-nonylphenol exposure using transcriptome analysis

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