Transcriptomic analysis of the hepatopancreas induced by eyestalk ablation in shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

Sep 16, 2017Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part D, Genomics & proteomics

Gene activity changes in shrimp digestion and metabolism tissue after eyestalk removal

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Abstract

A total of 105 differentially expressed genes were identified in the hepatopancreas of Litopenaeus vannamei after eyestalk ablation.

One hundred of the differentially expressed genes were up-regulated, while five were down-regulated.
Pathway analysis revealed that many of these genes are involved in the production of glycerol and trehalose, which help protect against low temperature and osmotic stress.
The differentially expressed genes can be categorized into four groups: immunity, cellular trafficking, transcriptional regulation, and molting and maturation.
Notably, several genes related to immune responses, particularly the proPO activation system, were identified.
Additional genes associated with molting and maturation processes, such as group I chitinase, were also found.

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Although eyestalk ablation (ESA) is currently considered the most effective method to facilitate molting and maturation, its physiological responses are still not clearly explained in decapod crustaceans. In this study, we analyzed the hepatopancreatic transcriptomes of Litopenaeus vannamei after ESA using the Illumina Miseq platform. After screening 53,029 contigs with high cutoff values (fold change>|10|; P-value<0.05; RPKM>1), we were able to identify 105 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 100 were up-regulated and five were down-regulated. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that many DEGs were involved in the synthetic pathways for glycerol and trehalose, which are known to function as the major protectants under conditions of low temperature and osmotic stress in arthropods. Additional analysis of the other DEGs enabled us to classify them in four categories: immunity; cellular trafficking; transcriptional regulation; molting and maturation. Many DEGs were involved in immunity and stress responses, in particular the proPO activation system, which is the major immune and wound-healing system in arthropods. In addition to immunity and stress responses, we were also able to identify DEGs involved in molting and maturation processes (e.g., group I chitinase), as well as those involved in hormone metabolism and trafficking. Collectively, based on the transcriptomic analysis, ESA causes not only stress and immune responses, but also molting and maturation in L. vannamei. The DEGs identified in this study could be useful markers to understand the physiological responses that ESA induces in shrimp, such as molting, maturation, and immunity.

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Transcriptomic analysis of the hepatopancreas induced by eyestalk ablation in shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

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