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Developmental and Diurnal Dynamics of Pax4 Expression in the Mammalian Pineal Gland: Nocturnal Down-Regulation Is Mediated by Adrenergic-Cyclic Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate Signaling
Daily and developmental changes in Pax4 levels in the mammalian pineal gland: night-time decrease controlled by adrenaline-related signaling
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Abstract
Pax4 mRNA levels in the pineal gland exhibit a diurnal rhythm, peaking late in the light period.
- Pax4 is strongly expressed in the pineal gland and retina of the rat.
- Pax4 transcripts are low during fetal development but increase after birth, while Pax6 levels decrease during the same period.
- Sympathetic denervation of the pineal gland prevents the nighttime reduction of Pax4 mRNA.
- Adrenergic stimulation at night suppresses Pax4 expression, likely mediated by cAMP.
- These findings suggest that the sympathetic nervous system regulates Pax4 levels in the pineal gland through an adrenergic-cAMP mechanism.
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