How penehyclidine hydrochloride works in a rat model of painful menstrual cramps

Writhing scores significantly decreased in the PHC treatment group compared to the model group.

• Primary dysmenorrhea was induced in rats using estradiol benzoate and oxytocin injections.
• Administration of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) led to a reduction in writhing scores, indicating less pain.
• PHC treatment reduced pathological changes, such as edema and necrosis, in uterine tissues.
• PHC was associated with decreased levels of muscarinic receptors and Toll-like receptors in the uterus.
• The findings suggest PHC may be a potential candidate for treating primary dysmenorrhea.

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