How a once-weekly combined insulin and semaglutide treatment behaves in the body compared to taking each medicine separately in people with type 2 diabetes

Declarations Funding This study was funded by Novo Nordisk. Conflicts of interest L.W., L.A., S.T.B., T.K., N.R.K., E.N., L.N., T.M.P.R., D.B.S. and A.V. are employees and shareholders of Novo Nordisk. H.V.C. has no conflicts of interest to disclose. L.P.-M. is an employee and shareholder of Profil. Profil received research funds from Adocia, AstraZeneca, Betagenon, Biocon, Bioton, Crinetics, Eli Lilly, Genova, Nanexa, NeoDyne, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Spiden and Zealand Pharma. L.P.-M. received speaker honoraria from Eli Lilly, Gan and Lee Pharmaceuticals and Novo Nordisk. Availability of data and material Individual participant data will be shared in data sets in a de-identified/anonymised format. Datasets from Novo Nordisk sponsored clinical research completed after 2001 for product indications approved in both the EU and USA will be shared. Study protocol and redacted clinical study report will be available according to Novo Nordisk data sharing commitments. The data will be available permanently after research completion and approval of product and product use in both EU and USA. There is no end date. Data will be shared with bona fide researchers submitting a research proposal requesting access to data for use as approved by the independent review board according to the independent review board charter (see novonordisk-trials.com). The data will be made available on a specialised SAS data platform. Individual data from animal studies and in vitro studies will be shared upon reasonable request. Ethics approval All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The clinical study was approved by an independent ethics committee (Ärztekammer Nordrhein, Düsseldorf, Germany; approval ID 2018242; approval date 12 November 2018). Animal studies were performed according to the Danish Act on Experiments on Animals, the Appendix A of the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental and other Scientific Purposes (ETS 123), and European Union Directive 2010/63. The animal studies were performed under licenses granted by the Danish national Animal Experiments Inspectorate (no. 2010/561-1786 and no. 2015-15-0201-00540). Consent to participate Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the clinical study. Consent for publication Not applicable. Code availability Not applicable. Author contributions L.W., N.R.K., L.N. and T.M.P.R. contributed to clinical study data analysis, critical manuscript revision and final manuscript approval; L.A., S.T.B., T.K., E.N., D.B.S. and A.V. contributed to animal and in vitro study design, data analysis, critical manuscript revision and final manuscript approval; H.V.C. and L.P.-M. contributed to clinical study data collection, critical manuscript revision and final manuscript approval.