Precision genome editing in the CRISPR era

Precision genome editing using CRISPR-Cas9 allows for targeted DNA double strand breaks at specific locations in the genome.

• CRISPR-Cas9 can disrupt target genes by creating insertions and deletions through non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ).
• Homology-directed repair (HDR) enables precise gene editing by incorporating genetic changes from a repair template.
• HDR can be utilized to introduce gene sequences for protein tags, delete genes, create point mutations, or modify enhancer and promoter functions.
• Efforts are focused on improving the accuracy of CRISPR-Cas9 and enhancing HDR efficiency for more precise genome editing.
• The technology shows potential for application in gene therapy for human somatic cells, though challenges remain.

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