Among 128 participants, 72% were diagnosed with (PD).
The severe PD group reported significantly higher pain scores compared to mild and moderate groups, with p < 0.001 for both comparisons.
Anxiety levels were elevated in the severe PD group, with more individuals scoring above the threshold compared to mild and moderate PD groups (p < 0.05).
Depression scores were significantly higher in the severe PD group compared to the mild PD group (p < 0.01).
The incidence of was notably higher in the severe PD group than in the mild and moderate groups (p < 0.05).
Social jet lag of ≥ 2 hours was more prevalent in the severe PD group compared to the mild group (p < 0.05).
No significant differences in chronotypes were observed based on the severity of dysmenorrhea (p = 0.461).
Simplified
BACKGROUND: To determine the impact of mild, moderate, and severe (PD) on chronotype, , and eating disorders, as well as mood changes such as depression and anxiety.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 128 participants who presented with painful menstruation and were diagnosed with PD. Participants were selected on a voluntary basis from among medical students between the ages of 18-25 who met the study inclusion criteria as a result of the preliminary evaluation. A total of 36 patients were excluded from the study, including 15 patients diagnosed with secondary dysmenorrhea and 21 patients who did not show the typical clinical findings of PD. Dysmenorrhea intensity was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain intensity. Ninety-two participants with typical clinical findings of PD were divided into mild (n = 30), moderate (n = 30), and severe PD (n = 32) groups according to their VAS scores, and a questionnaire was administered to them. The "Morning-Evening Test", "Social Jetlag Test", "Night Eating Questionnaire", "Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)", and "Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)" were applied to the participants.
RESULTS: Out of a total of 128 participants, 92 (72%) were diagnosed with PD. The VAS pain score in the severe PD group was significantly higher than that in the mild and moderate PD groups (p < 0.001 for each). In the severe PD group, the number of individuals with BAI values above the threshold value (≥ 16) was higher than that in the mild and moderate PD groups (p < 0.05 for each). Similarly, BDI scores in the severe PD group were significantly higher than those in the mild PD group (p < 0.01). The rate of was significantly higher in the severe than in the moderate and mild PD groups (p < 0.05 for each). There was no significant difference between the chronotypes according to dysmenorrhea severity (p = 0.461). The rate of social jet lag was ≥ 2 h in the severe PD group, significantly higher than in the mild group (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: In addition to emotional complaints such as depression and anxiety, PD increases the incidence of night eating habits and social jet lag. No significant association was found between PD and chronotypes.
Key numbers
BAI ≥ 16 in 21 of 32 patients
Increase in Anxiety Levels
Percentage of patients with moderate to severe anxiety in the severe group.
8 of 32 patients
Incidence
Patients diagnosed with in the severe group.
11 of 32 patients
Duration
Patients with duration of ≥ 2 hours in the severe group.
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Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Institutional Ethics Committee approval was obtained from the Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Faculty of Medicine Ethics Committee (approval number:2023/65). Informed consent was obtained from all participants. This research was conducted ethically in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Consent for publication: Consent was obtained from each participant for the publication of survey data. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
