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Abstract
Essence
Long-term obesity treatment needs structured maintenance because recurrent weight gain differs by intervention type.
Evidence
This systematic review and network meta-analysis synthesized 29 randomized controlled trials of lifestyle interventions, semaglutide, and metabolic and bariatric surgery for long-term weight outcomes.
Caveat
Evidence for bariatric surgery from randomized trials was limited, and semaglutide durability depended on ongoing therapy with rebound after discontinuation.
Simplified
GLP-1 Therapies