Self-reported daytime napping, daytime sleepiness, and other sleep phenotypes in the development of cardiometabolic diseases: a Mendelian randomization study

Jun 16, 2022European journal of preventive cardiology

Daytime napping, sleepiness, and other sleep patterns linked to heart and metabolism diseases: a genetic analysis

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Abstract

Genetically predicted self-reported daytime napping is associated with a 56% increased risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Daytime napping, insomnia, and short sleep duration are causally linked to a higher risk of cardiometabolic diseases.
Insomnia is associated with a 7% increased risk of ischaemic stroke and a 13% increased risk of coronary artery disease.
Short sleep duration is associated with a 37% increased risk of coronary artery disease.
Daytime sleepiness is associated with a 105% increased risk of coronary artery disease and an 82% increased risk of heart failure.
Being a morning person is associated with a 6% increased risk of heart failure.

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AIMS: Sleep disorders are associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases in observational studies, but the causality remains unclear. In this study, we leveraged two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to assess the causal associations of self-reported daytime napping, daytime sleepiness, and other sleep phenotypes with cardiometabolic diseases including ischaemic stroke (IS), coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure (HF), and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

METHODS AND RESULTS: We selected genetic variants as instrumental variables for self-reported daytime napping, daytime sleepiness, morning person, insomnia, short sleep duration, and long sleep duration from European-descent genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Summary statistics for cardiometabolic diseases originated from four different GWASs with a total of 2 500 086 participants. We used the inverse-variance weighted method to explore the role of self-reported sleep phenotypes on the aetiology of cardiometabolic diseases in the main analyses, followed by several sensitivity analyses for robustness validation. Genetically predicted self-reported daytime napping [T2DM: OR, 1.56 (95% confidence interval, 1.21-2.02)], insomnia [IS: OR, 1.07 (1.04-1.11)]; CAD: OR, 1.13 (1.08-1.17); HF: OR, 1.10 (1.07-1.14); T2DM: OR, 1.16 (1.11-1.22); and short sleep duration [CAD: OR, 1.37 (1.21-1.55)] were causally associated with an elevated risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Moreover, genetically determined self-reported daytime sleepiness [CAD: OR, 2.05 (1.18-3.57); HF: OR, 1.82 (1.15-2.87)] and morning person [HF: 1.06 OR, (1.01-1.11)] had potential detrimental effect on cardiometabolic risks.

CONCLUSION: Self-reported daytime napping, insomnia, and short sleep duration had causal roles in the development of cardiometabolic diseases, while self-reported daytime sleepiness and morning person was the potential risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases.

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Self-reported daytime napping, daytime sleepiness, and other sleep phenotypes in the development of cardiometabolic diseases: a Mendelian randomization study

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