Journal of diabetes and its complicationsSep 1, 2026

Semaglutide and empagliflozin effects on blood vessel health markers in people with type 2 diabetes

GLP-1 Therapies Weekly Brief ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗

Updated Sep 2, 2026

Abstract

The analysis examines the effects of semaglutide and empagliflozin on markers of endothelial function in type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes can lead to significant endothelial dysfunction due to factors like high blood sugar and blood pressure.
Semaglutide and empagliflozin are associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
The study focuses on specific markers of endothelial function, including the reactive hyperaemic index and various cell adhesion molecules.
Effects on these endothelial markers by semaglutide and empagliflozin are not yet clearly established.

Simplified

The endothelium maintains vascular health by regulating blood flow and protecting against inflammatory damage. In type 2 diabetes (T2DM), however, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia place a significant burden on the endothelium, potentially leading to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). While semaglutide and empagliflozin have been shown to reduce CVD risk in T2DM, it remains unclear whether these benefits are mediated by improved endothelial function. This post-hoc analysis explores the effects of these agents on markers of endothelial function, i.e. the reactive hyperaemic index (RHI) and the endothelial-derived cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) E-Selectin, ICAM-1, P-Selectin, and VCAM-1.

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Semaglutide and empagliflozin effects on blood vessel health markers in people with type 2 diabetes

Abstract

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