Semaglutide for the treatment of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of safety and efficacy outcomes

May 27, 2022Diabetes & metabolic syndrome

Semaglutide’s safety and effectiveness for treating type 2 diabetes: A review and comparison of studies

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Abstract

Subcutaneous semaglutide 1 mg once-weekly resulted in a 1.72 reduction in HbA1c compared to placebo at 30 weeks.

Tirzepatide demonstrated the highest efficacy for type 2 diabetes, comparable to semaglutide.
Fasting blood glucose levels decreased by 1.93 with subcutaneous semaglutide 1 mg compared to placebo.
Adverse events associated with semaglutide and other treatments were generally similar to those seen with placebo.
Gastrointestinal adverse events were notably higher in the groups receiving subcutaneous semaglutide 0.8 mg and tirzepatide 10 mg.

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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To assess the safety and efficacy of semaglutide compared with placebo and other anti-hyperglycaemic agents in type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

METHODS: We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane library for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A network meta-analysis was conducted to compare different doses, durations, and interventions in T2DM. We presented results as mean difference (MD) or relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

RESULTS: Twenty-six included RCTs studied different doses of subcutaneous (SC) and oral semaglutide, tirzepatide, liraglutide, sitagliptin, canagliflozin, and empagliflozin compared with placebo. Tirzepatide showed the highest efficacy, however, it was comparable to semaglutide. SC semaglutide 1 mg once-weekly showed higher reduction in HbA(MD = -1.72, 95% CI [-2.32; -1.12]), and fasting blood glucose (MD = -1.93, 95% CI [-2.81; -1.04]) versus placebo at 30 weeks and other timepoints. Adverse events (ADs) were comparable to placebo with oral and SC semaglutide, oral sitagliptin, SC liraglutide, and oral empagliflozin at most timepoints. However, SC semaglutide 0.8 mg and tirzepatide 10 mg groups had the highest gastrointestinal adverse events. 1c

CONCLUSION: Tirzepatide, oral and SC semaglutide has a favourable efficacy in treating T2DM. The adverse events were comparable to placebo; however, gastrointestinal adverse events were highly recorded in tirzepatide, oral and SC semaglutide groups.

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Semaglutide for the treatment of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of safety and efficacy outcomes

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