European journal of clinical nutrition

Wernicke Encephalopathy Linked to Semaglutide: A Detailed Analysis

Updated

Abstract

Wernicke encephalopathy was reported in a 49-year-old female patient treated with semaglutide for obesity.

  • Eighteen additional cases of Wernicke encephalopathy associated with GLP-1 receptor analogues have been documented.
  • In 68% of cases, a background of nausea, vomiting, or reduced food intake was noted.
  • Weight loss in affected patients ranged from -3.5 to -13.3 kg/month over a period of 3 to 6 months.
  • Disproportionality analysis indicated that Wernicke encephalopathy is reported more frequently with semaglutide, tirzepatide, and other GLP-1 receptor analogues.
  • This analysis suggests a potential safety signal regarding the risk of Wernicke encephalopathy linked to GLP-1 receptor analogues.

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Funding

Competing interests

Competing interests: No funding was received for this study. None of the authors have any financial or personal relationships with other people or organizations that could influence the design, conduct, or reporting of this work. CRL received remuneration for attending symposia by Nestlé Health Science®. Ethics statement: This study was conducted in compliance with the principles of Good Clinical Practices and the Declaration of Helsinki. Due to its retrospective nature, in accordance with French law, the study was determined not to require ethics committee review. Individual informed consent has been obtained regarding this case report, which has been reported to the French Pharmacovigilance system under the number FR-AFSSAPS-PV2024001276. VigiBase is managed by the Uppsala Monitoring Center (Uppsala, Sweden), an independent center for drug safety and scientific research for WHO. Information from VigiBase comes from a variety of sources and the probability that the suspected adverse effect is drug-related is not the same in all cases. The findings of this study do not represent the opinion of the Uppsala Monitoring Center (Uppsala, Sweden) or the World Health Organization and only reflect the authors’ opinion. All safety reports from these databases are anonymized with no possibility to trace back patients’ or reporters’ personal information. Data were treated following EU and national legislation regarding the protection of personal data (e.g. the Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC and Regulation (EC) No 45/2001).
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