Effects of sleep-corrected social jetlag on measures of mental health, cognitive ability, and brain functional connectivity in early adolescence

🎖️ Top 10% JournalOct 3, 2023Sleep

Sleep-adjusted social jetlag linked to mental health, thinking skills, and brain network patterns in early teens

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Abstract

Approximately half of adolescents experience social jetlag, which is linked to various negative outcomes.

High sleep-corrected social jetlag (SJLsc) is associated with reduced crystallized intelligence.
Adolescents with high SJLsc tend to have lower school performance grades.
Decreased functional connectivity is observed between the cingulo-opercular network and the right hippocampus in those with high SJLsc.
Mediation analyses suggest that the connection between SJLsc and crystallized intelligence is significant.
The associations between SJLsc and school grades are noted at both the 2-year and 3-year follow-ups.

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Approximately half of adolescents encounter a mismatch between their sleep patterns on school days and free days, also referred to as "social jetlag." This condition has been linked to various adverse outcomes, such as poor sleep, cognitive deficits, and mental disorders. However, prior research was unsuccessful in accounting for other variables that are correlated with social jetlag, including sleep duration and quality. To address this limitation, we applied a propensity score matching method on a sample of 6335 11-12-year-olds from the 2-year follow-up (FL2) data of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. We identified 2424 pairs of participants with high sleep-corrected social jetlag (SJLsc, over 1 hour) and low SJLsc (<= 1 hour) at FL2 (1728 pairs have neuroimaging data), as well as 1626 pairs at 3-year follow-up (FL3), after matching based on 11 covariates including socioeconomic status, demographics, and sleep duration and quality. Our results showed that high SJLsc, as measured by the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, was linked to reduced crystallized intelligence (CI), lower school performance-grades, and decreased functional connectivity between cortical networks and subcortical regions, specifically between cingulo-opercular network and right hippocampus. Further mediation and longitudinal mediation analyses revealed that this connection mediated the associations between SJLsc and CI at FL2, and between SJLsc and grades at both FL2 and FL3. We validated these findings by replicating these results using objective SJLsc measurements obtained via Fitbit watches. Overall, our study highlights the negative association between social jetlag and CI during early adolescence.

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