The association between social jetlag and depression is independent of sleep debt

May 15, 2023Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung

Social jetlag is linked to depression regardless of sleep loss

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Circadian Biology on OpenScience ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗

Abstract

In a study of 1982 individuals, 24.6% experienced sleep-corrected social jetlag (SJLsc), while 51.0% showed standard social jetlag (SJLs).

Both types of social jetlag (SJLsc and SJLs) were significantly associated with depressive mood, with correlation coefficients of r = 0.06.
The association between SJL and depression remained significant even after accounting for sleep debt.
Sleep debt itself was also found to be associated with depressive mood, with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.07.
Misaligned and insufficient sleep, common in everyday life, may negatively impact mood.

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OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether the association between SJLsc (sleep-corrected social jetlag) and depressive mood is significant and independent of sleep debt.

METHODS: Participants from the general adult population were interviewed using structured questionnaires on sleep duration, weekday/weekend sleep schedules, and depressive mood (Patient Health Questionnaire-9). Social jetlag (SJL) was measured by SJLsc and standard SJL (SJLs). SJLs was the absolute difference between mid-sleep time on free days (MSF) and workdays (MSW). For SJLsc, both MSF and MSW were adjusted for average sleep duration across the week according to the direction of sleep debt. Sleep debt was defined by sleep extension on free days. The association of SJL with depression was investigated, and covariates included age, sex, sociodemographic factors, insomnia symptoms, sleep duration, and sleep debt.

RESULTS: A total of 1982 individuals (1089 men; age 43.1 ± 14.4 years) were analyzed. SJL was present in 24.6% measured by SJLsc and 51.0% by SJLs. SJLsc and SJLs were significantly associated with depressive mood (r = 0.06, P = 0.02; r = 0.06, P = 0.01, respectively), independent of sleep debt. Sleep debt was also associated with depression (r = 0.07, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS: By adopting sleep-corrected formula for SJL, this study found that misaligned and insufficient sleep, at levels occurring in routine social life, can negatively affect mood. Minimizing social jetlag and sleep deprivation may promote individual psychological well-being.

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The association between social jetlag and depression is independent of sleep debt

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