A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials of the impact of sleep duration on adiposity and components of energy balance

Jun 23, 2015Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity

How Sleep Length May Relate to Body Fat and Energy Use: A Review of Controlled Trials

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Abstract

Eighteen unique studies were identified examining the effects of sleep duration on body composition, food intake, and related biomarkers.

Eight studies reported outcomes focused on body weight, with equal representation of increased and reduced sleep.
Four studies investigated the relationship between sleep duration and food intake.
Four studies assessed the impact of sleep restriction on total energy expenditure.
Three studies measured respiratory quotient in relation to sleep duration.
Four studies examined the hormones leptin and ghrelin in the context of sleep.
The literature suggests that sleep restriction may increase food intake and total energy expenditure, though effects on overall energy balance are inconsistent.

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Recent epidemiological and ecological trends in humans indicate a possible causal relationship between sleep duration and energy balance. We aimed to find experimental evidence that has tested this relationship between sleep duration and measures of body composition, food intake or biomarkers related to food intake. We conducted a systematic literature review using six databases throughout 7 August 2014. We sought reports of randomized controlled trials where sleep duration was manipulated and measured outcomes were body weight or other body composition metrics, food intake, and/or biomarkers related to eating. We found 18 unique studies meeting all criteria: eight studies with an outcome of body weight (4 - increased sleep, 4 - reduced sleep); four studies on food intake; four studies of sleep restriction on total energy expenditure and three of respiratory quotient; and four studies on leptin and/or ghrelin. Few controlled experimental studies have addressed the question of the effect of sleep on body weight/composition and eating. The available experimental literature suggests that sleep restriction increases food intake and total energy expenditure with inconsistent effects on integrated energy balance as operationalized by weight change. Future controlled trials that examine the impact of increased sleep on body weight/energy balance factors are warranted.

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A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials of the impact of sleep duration on adiposity and components of energy balance

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